Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles for Pharmaceutical Applications: Sustainable Alternatives in Drug Formulation

The degraded relationships between the environment and man created via the emergence of environmental issues on drug formulations have stimulated the endeavors to find environmentally friendly and sustainable synthesis procedure of nanoparticle synthesis via green processes. This paper examines the fabrication, properties and the drug application of silver (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) that are developed under the influence of medicinal plant extracts as reducing and stabilizing agents. UVVis spectrophotometry, FTIR, XRD, SEM/TEM and DLS analyses were used to synthesise, purify and characterise nanoparticles in complete experimental research study design. It was found that there were individual plasmon resonance peaks of AgNPs (430535 nm) and AuNPs (540545nm), and that AuNPs with smaller sizes (28.731.2 nm), high uniformity, and good colloidal stability as compared to AgNPs. Cell viability in in vitro cytotoxicity assays of all formulations was above 84 % which is excellent biocompatibility. It was found that particle size and zeta potential of the AgNPs and AuNPs significantly differed (ANOVA), whereas cytotoxicity did not. The observed results show that green synthesis is an alternative, sustainable way of producing nanoparticles and that the method could hold value in delivering pharmaceutical drugs and reduce the environmental impact of nanoparticle synthesis.