Gravitational Waves as Cosmic Probes : Unveiling Black Hole Mergers and Early Universe Physics

Gravitational waves (GWs) have emerged as one of the most transformative discoveries in modern physics, enabling the direct probing of cosmic phenomena that remain inaccessible through traditional electromagnetic observations. This study investigates the significance of nonlinear opt mechanical coupling in enhancing the sensitivity of gravitational wave detectors, with a focus on the detection of weak astrophysical signals. By analyzing the comparative performance of nonlinear detection schemes against linear interferometric counterparts, the work highlights potential improvements in sensitivity across critical frequency ranges. The interdisciplinary implications of GW detection extend across astrophysics, particle physics, and cosmology, contributing to a deeper understanding of black hole mergers, neutron star collisions, and the early universe. Despite challenges in data interpretation, including noise reduction and signal extraction, the incorporation of nonlinear coupling strategies demonstrates promising directions for advancing detector design. The findings underscore the role of GWs as precise cosmic probes and outline future research trajectories aimed at improving next-generation observatories and integrating cross-disciplinary insights into gravitational wave astronomy.