Autologous Transplantation Using Non-Cryopreserved Compared to Cryopreserved Hematopoietic Stem Cells: A Systematic Review

Background: The comparison between non-cryopreserved and cryopreserved hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the context of autologous transplantation has generated considerable interest and debate. Objective: This systematic review aimed to synthesize and evaluate the available evidence regarding the impact of cryopreservation on transplant outcomes. Methods: In particular, the terms “Autologous,” “Non-Cryopreserved,” “Cancer,” “Cryopreserved,” “Multiple myeloma,” and “Hematopoietic Stem Cells” were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Wanfang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Islamic World Science Citation Center (ISC), and Scientific Information Database (SID) to identify articles discussing the association between Autologous Transplantation Using Non-Cryopreserved and Cryopreserved Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSC). Results: A database search identified 1,654 studies on autologous transplantation using hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). After filtering, 20 studies focused on non-cryopreserved and cryopreserved HSCs were selected. Multiple myeloma patients face challenges in preserving stem cells due to the disease and prior chemotherapy, which can compromise stem cell viability. Results showed that conventional cryopreservation methods are often ineffective. Conclusion: The objective of these innovative efforts is to increase the success rates of autologous stem cell transplantation and improve overall outcomes for patients with multiple myeloma. Ongoing research and collaboration in this area offer promising avenues for advancements in stem cell preservation and transplantation techniques, ultimately benefiting those facing this complex and challenging disease. Researchers are actively exploring alternatives, such as the use of fresh, non-cryopreserved stem cells and advanced biopreservation methods, to enhance transplantation outcomes for these patients.