Durable Heterogeneous Pd‐PNP Pincer Complex for CarbonCarbon Bond Formation in Continuous‐Flow Systems
A durable PNP pincer catalyst, designated "Pd-SCORPI", is developed and prepared by immobilizing a bis(diphenylphosphinoethyl)amine-Pd complex onto Merrifield resin. The heterogeneous catalyst demonstrates notable stability in continuous-flow carboncarbon coupling reactions. For the Mizoroki-Heck benchmark (4-iodoanisole and n-butyl acrylate in DMF, 120 °C, 0.05 mL min<sup>-</sup> <sup>1</sup>), Pd-SCORPI delivers a turnover number (TON) of 1115 and a turnover frequency (TOF) of 3.32 h<sup>-</sup> <sup>1</sup> while sustaining over 92% conversion for 14 days. Substrate scope analysis highlights the versatility of the catalyst, as aryl halides bearing electron-donating groups (EDGs) and electron-withdrawing groups (EWGs) couple efficiently with diverse alkenes,including challenging substrates such as acrylic acid and acrylamide derivatives. In the Suzuki-Miyaura flow protocol (4'-iodoacetophenone and phenylboronic acid in 1 : 3 H<sub>2</sub>O/1,4-dioxane, ambient temperature, 0.05 mL min<sup>-</sup> <sup>1</sup>), Pd-SCORPI achieves a 91% isolated yield, a TON of 1242, and stable operation for 150 h. This investigation highlights the potential of Pd-SCORPI in advancing green chemistry by minimizing waste, enhancing catalyst recyclability, and promoting efficient and sustainable chemical processes, thus paving the way for scalable industrial applications.
Authors
- Yuka Abe (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7124-879X)
- Hironao Sajiki (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2792-6826)
- Takashi Ikawa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1642-3273)
- Shinya Mine (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8339-0301)
- Kwihwan Kobayashi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5289-8348)
- Noriko Miyamoto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6476-067X)
- Kanon Kawai
- Naoya Sakurada (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5885-348X)
- Tsuyoshi Yamada (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6048-5578)
Institutions
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University (JP)
- Aichi Institute of Technology (JP)
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (JP)
Publication Details
- Journal
- ChemSusChem
- Published
- 2025-08-30
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202501205
- Citations
- 1
- Primary Topic
- Innovative Microfluidic and Catalytic Techniques Innovation
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.67
Funders
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science London
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey