Research Progress in Marine Environmental Monitoring Technology

Marine environmental monitoring and data platform technology plays a pivotal role in advancing marine scientific research, sustainable resource development, ecological conservation, and the effective utilization of ocean resources. Despite its growing importance in addressing global environmental and economic challenges, a comprehensive and systematic review of recent advancements in this field remains lacking. To address this gap, this paper synthesizes and analyzes academic literature published between 2021 and 2025, sourced from reputable databases including Scopus and Web of Science, while adhering to the PRISMA systematic review standards. It delineates core technologies employed in marine environmental monitoring, such as advanced sensor systems, robust data acquisition and transmission methods, and innovative data processing and analysis techniques. Furthermore, the study examines the architectural functionalities, data sharing mechanisms, and interoperability standards that underpin modern marine data platforms. The paper also addresses critical technical challenges encountered in deep-water monitoring operations, including equipment durability under extreme conditions, significant economic constraints, data management complexities, and emerging privacy and security concerns. Finally, future development trajectories are outlined, emphasizing the transformative potential of novel materials and artificial intelligence (AI) in enhancing deep-water monitoring capabilities, alongside the urgent need for strengthened global collaboration to improve data sharing protocols and management frameworks. Collectively, the continuous evolution of marine monitoring technologies promises to provide increasingly intelligent, integrated, and systematic support for global marine protection efforts and sustainable resource stewardship.