Comparative analysis of the profile of expression of molecular markers of mesenchymal stem cells obtained from placental-umbilical cord complex tissues, adipose tissue and bone marrow

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multifunctional adult stem cells that can be derived from various tissues, such as adult adipose tissue, peripheral blood, bone marrow, neonatal placenta, and umbilical cord tissue. MSCs have the capacity for self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation. Despite the absence of differences in the expression of the main surface markers, MSCs obtained from tissues of the placenta-umbilical cord complex, adipose tissue and bone marrow differ significantly in their molecular profile. Cellular heterogeneity is ubiquitous across MSC cultures from different species and tissues. During the course of the study, the expression level of cell surface markers that characterize the heterogeneity of MSCs obtained from various sources was assessed. MSCs from all tissues express typical MSC markers on their surface, including CD13, CD73, CD105 and CD90, in the absence of expression of hematopoietic markers (CD14, CD34 and CD45), costimulatory molecules CD86, membrane protein CD154, adhesion molecules CD15, and markers of embryonic stem cells (TRA-1-81 and TRA-1-60R). However, they differed in the expression of stemness markers (October 4, Nanog), coinhibitory molecules (CD273, CD274, and CD200), cell adhesion molecules CD146, surface antigen SSEA-4, and transcription factor GATA4. The results on the molecular profile of MSCs as a heterogeneous cell population allow for the scientific substantiation of the choice of tissue source for the creation of biomedical cell products with specified therapeutic properties.