Methods for monitoring the transfer and management of fertilizer components in ecosystems of the surface water–soil–groundwater type using the example of nitrate ion

The influence of applied fertilizers (manure, which is a fresh mixture of excrement and liquid or composted) on the properties of soils, ground and surface waters, as well as the general state of ecosystems of the water–soil–groundwater type were studied using the developed nitrate-selective sensors. Singleand double-layer microsensors based on conducting polymers (polypyrrole and bis-polyethylenedioxythiophene) made on the basis of a graphite rod have been developed and their suitability for monitoring the nitrate-ion content in natural ecosystems of the water–soil–underground water type has been evaluated.