Concentration of Bauxite and Iron Minerals from Onigboro Ironstone, Ogun State, Nigeria

This research investigated the concentration of bauxite and iron minerals from the Onigboro Ironstone deposit in Ogun State, Nigeria, with the aim of optimizing mineral recovery through various beneficiation techniques. The primary objectives included identifying the mineralogical composition of the deposit, assessing the economic viability of the ironstone, and recommending appropriate concentration methods. In order to achieve these objectives, methods such as X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) Analyses were employed to determine the key mineralogy, including aluminum oxide, iron oxide, and silica. The findings revealed that the Onigboro Ironstone contains approximately 45% bauxite and 35% iron minerals, with the remaining 20% comprised of gangue materials including free silica. This mineral content indicated substantial potential for extraction and aligned with the study's goals of identifying valuable resources suitable for processing. The research employed gravity concentration techniques, including, spiral separation, shaking tables, and hindered settling, to evaluate their effectiveness in recovering valuable minerals from the ironstone. Shaking table emerged as the most efficient method, achieving recovery rates of 92% for Iron and 88% for bauxite. Spiral separators also demonstrated promising recovery rates but had some limitations in concentrate purity. The findings underlined the importance of optimizing comminution processes to enhance mineral liberation, which directly impacted recovery rates. The research was grounded in established theoretical frameworks, including Particle Separation Theory, Mineral Liberation Theory, and Gravity Separation Theory, which guided the optimization of concentration processes. These theories provided valuable insights into the mechanisms of mineral separation based on density differences, mineral liberation, and the efficiency of gravity-based techniques. In conclusion, the research offered recommendations for stakeholders in the mining sector, emphasizing the need for improved recovery strategies and sustainable practices of the Onigboro Ironstone deposit. Future research should focus on field studies, the application of advanced techniques, and multidisciplinary approaches to further improve mineral recovery and support sustainable mining practices.