Geospatial Analysis of Particulate Matter and CO Concentrations in Relation to Urban Land Use: A Case Study of Sunamganj District Town

Air pollution is a major environmental issue in Bangladesh, particularly in industrial districts such as Sunamganj, where growing urbanization and industrialization worsen already severe air quality difficulties. The objective of the study is to identify the status of air pollution in Sunamganj District Town area, assessing the relationship among land use and some parameters: Particulate Matters (PM<sub>1</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub> & PM<sub>10</sub>) and Carbon Monoxide (CO) concentration, to show the distribution of PM and CO concentration and PM<sub>2.5</sub> based AQI. Descriptive statistics, whisker box plots, ArcGIS and cluster analysis carried out to draw a spatial distribution pattern of pollutants. In this study, 60 locations were selected based on the use of land in Sunamganj District Town area, and air quality parameters was measured in those locations with the help of various automated portable Air Quality Monitor, Indoor Outdoor Formaldehyde (HCHO) Detector (Model: DM106) and CO Meter (Model: AS8700A). After that, IBM SPSS V20 and MS Excel 2020 were used for analysis. It was found that, the average concentrations of PM<sub>1</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub> & PM<sub>10</sub> of<sub> </sub>60 places in Sunamganj district town were 53.36, 88.86 and 113.90µg/m³ respectively. The average concentration of PM<sub>2.5</sub> was found 1.75 times higher than Bangladesh National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) level. It is estimated that the average PM<sub>2.5</sub> /PM<sub>10</sub> was 77.83%, PM<sub>1</sub>/PM<sub>2.5</sub> was 60.13%. From the outcome of this research the studied land uses are arranged in descending order based on average concentration PM<sub>2.5</sub> which follows as sensitive area (113.10µg/m<sup>3</sup>) > road intersection area (108.30µg/m<sup>3</sup>) > mixed area (91.85µg/m<sup>3</sup>) > commercial area (87.21µg/m<sup>3</sup>) > industrial area (81.56µg/m³) > residential area (81.33µg/m<sup>3</sup>) > village area (58.65µg/m<sup>3</sup>). The findings exhibit the absolute need for effective air quality management and policy actions to alleviate the negative impacts of air pollution on public health and the environment.