Evaluating the Safety Practices in Sewerage Projects in Addis Ababa

This study evaluated safety practices in sewerage projects in Addis Ababa using a descriptive survey design. A sample of 132 participants was selected through purposive sampling, focusing on individuals with firsthand experience in sewage projects. Data collection included primary and secondary sources. A quantitative approach was employed, utilizing closed-ended questionnaires on a Likert scale distributed to contractors, consultants, and clients. SPSS 26 was used for data analysis, and the Relative Importance Index was used to rank strategies for enhancing safety practices based on perceived importance. The survey results indicated that 76% of respondents disagree with the provision of mandatory safety training programs for all workers before starting sewerage project work. About 24.8% of respondents believe that the supply of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is adequate, pointing to a widespread concern regarding insufficient availability of essential safety gear on-site. Access to first aid kits and emergency medical assistance is reported, yet concerns remain about risk assessments and confined space protocols. Although training for handling hazardous materials exists, there is inconsistent agreement on safety audits and air quality monitoring. Workers in sewerage projects face significant health hazards, including exposure to toxic gases like hydrogen sulfide, lack of vaccinations for diseases such as hepatitis and tetanus, and risks from biological hazards in sewage. Additional concerns include potential hearing loss, ergonomic injuries, slips, trips, and falls, as well as musculoskeletal disorders from heavy lifting and psychological stress from working conditions. Risks related to confined spaces and inadequate training to identify health hazards complicate their challenges. The top five strategies identified to enhance safety practices in sewerage projects include the allocation of additional funding for better quality Personal Protective Equipment (RII=0.924), implementation of advanced monitoring technologies, such as gas detectors and air quality monitors (RII=0.921), regular training programs for workers on safety procedures (RII=0.92), establishment of regular safety audits (RII=0.908), and creation of a dedicated safety management team (RII=0.907). Stakeholders, including government agencies and contractors, must collaborate to implement these strategies effectively to mitigate health risks and enhance safety in sewerage projects.