Analysis of Maxillary Sinus Anatomical Variations in Cone Beam Computed Tomography for Dental Implants Treatment Plan

Aim: This study aim was to assess the maxillary sinus anatomical variations and structures using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), particularly for dental implant treatment planning. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional prevalence study, 200 CBCT images were examined. The assessments were conducted independently by two authors to evaluate the anatomical variations of the maxillary sinus. The anatomical variations assessed in the axial images included alveolar pneumatization, anterior pneumatization, exostosis, and hypoplasia. Additionally, the positioning of sinus septa and the posterior superior alveolar artery (PSAA) was also evaluated. Results: Among the 400 maxillary sinuses analyzed, alveolar pneumatization was the most commonly detected morphological abnormality. Anterior pneumatization was detected in 84 sinuses (% 21.0). Antral septa were found in 175 sinuses (% 43.7) and were mostly located in the middle region. Among 254 sinuses, the PSAA was most frequently detected intraosseously, accounting for 63.5% of cases. Conclusion: Maxillary sinus anatomical variations are significant findings in the context of dental implant planning. These variations are frequently observed in CBCT examinations conducted on the maxilla. Understanding the anatomical variations of the maxillary sinus enhances the effectiveness of preoperative dental implant planning and aids in the prevention of potential complications.