Heterogeneity of diabetes and disease progression with a tree-like representation: findings from the China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort (4C) study
These findings characterise the heterogeneity of diabetes phenotypes and complication risks in the Chinese population, suggesting potential implications for personalised diabetes care. Given the observed phenotypic differences, management strategies should consider population-specific characteristics.
Authors
- Yufang Bi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4829-5915)
- Jie Zheng (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4161-627X)
- Yilan Ding
- Yiming Mu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3344-3540)
- Jieli Lu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1317-0896)
- Zuojie Luo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2377-6357)
- Xuefeng Yu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3961-9321)
- Yuanyue Zhu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-3314)
- Yingfen Qin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8456-1678)
- Lixin Shi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0389-2732)
- Xulei Tang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0921-450X)
- Xinguo Hou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2045-1290)
- Yu Xu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1045-8309)
- Zhang Yi-fang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8034-867X)
- Xiaojing Jia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8245-0782)
- Zhiyun Zhao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5950-2732)
- Guijun Qin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2503-7534)
- Tiange Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0723-489X)
- Tianshu Zeng (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5490-4958)
- Guang Ning (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5754-7635)
- Shuangyuan Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5664-3086)
- Ruying Hu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5928-9193)
- Huapeng Wei
- Wei‐Qing Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0174-9905)
- Zhengnan Gao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0077-8758)
- Guixia Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3824-0478)
- Chao Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3807-9901)
- Li Chen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9650-497X)
- Gang Chen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1689-7660)
- Lulu Chen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9621-9231)
- Qin Wan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8684-6888)
- Li Yan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2218-8644)
- Tao Yang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6375-3622)
- Mian Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3139-7456)
- Yanan Huo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9774-6698)
- Zhao JiaJun
- Huacong Deng (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4829-1009)
- Qing Su (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8801-0582)
- Min Xu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4464-453X)
- Feixia Shen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0778-0041)
- Youmin Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0040-1942)
- Xuejiang Gu
- Feiyue Huang
- Shengli Wu
- Hong Lin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4766-095X)
- Yinfei Zhang
- Qiang Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4947-121X)
Institutions
- Fujian Medical University (CN)
- Union Hospital (HK)
- Nanchang University (CN)
- Shandong University (CN)
- Harbin Medical University (CN)
- Sun Yat-sen University (CN)
- Guangxi Medical University (CN)
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University (CN)
- Jilin University (CN)
- Anhui Medical University (CN)
- Wenzhou Medical University (CN)
- XinHua Hospital (CN)
- Ruijin Hospital (CN)
- First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (CN)
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University (CN)
- Jiading District Central Hospital (CN)
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital (CN)
- People's Liberation Army No. 150 Hospital (CN)
- Dalian Municipal Central Hospital (CN)
- Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital (CN)
- Shandong Provincial Hospital (CN)
- First Hospital of Jilin University (CN)
- First Affiliated Hospital of GuangXi Medical University (CN)
- The Affiliated Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (CN)
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (CN)
- Nanyang Medical College (CN)
- Zhejiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CN)
- First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University (CN)
- Fujian Provincial Hospital (CN)
- Karamay Central Hospital (CN)
- Jiangsu Province Hospital (CN)
- First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (CN)
- Tongji Hospital (CN)
- Chinese People's Liberation Army (CN)
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (CN)
- First Hospital of Lanzhou University (CN)
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology (CN)
- Lanzhou University (CN)
- Nanjing Medical University (CN)
- Chongqing Medical University (CN)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Diabetologia
- Published
- 2025-08-30
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-025-06528-x
- Citations
- 6
- Primary Topic
- Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 8.13
Funders
- Shanghai Municipal Health Commission
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University