Regional cooperation betweenn Turkiye, Azerbaijan and Georgia

Turkiye, Azerbaijan and Georgia have forged a strong trilateral partnership since the collapse of the Soviet Union, collaborating closely in energy, transportation and security. Major projects such as the Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan oil pipeline, the South Caucasus natural gas pipeline and TANAP have bolstered regional energy security, while the Baku–Tbilisi–Kars railway and the Middle Corridor initiative have created a new “Iron Silk Road” linking China to Europe. Free trade agreements and SOCAR’s investments have deepened economic integration, and regular defence exercises and the 2021 Shusha Declaration have strengthened security cooperation. Despite these achievements, challenges remain, including infrastructure deficiencies, geopolitical competition from external actors and unresolved regional conflicts. Progress in peace talks with Armenia, full operationalisation of the Middle Corridor, and joint efforts in green energy and digital transformation could further enhance this trilateral cooperation.