Permethrin disrupts antioxidant defense responses in <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>

Permethrin, a pyrethroid commonly used to grow crops worldwide, may affect the aquatic environment and show toxicological impact on non-target organisms.Farmed shrimp, <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>, can be included among these organisms since enzymatic antioxidant defense responses were disrupted in gills and hepatopancreas after exposure to this xenobiotic.Phase II biotransformation (Glutathione S-Transferase - GST activity) was affected as well as Acetylcholinesterase - AchE activity.Phase II biotransformation (Glutathione S-Transferase - GST activity) was affected as well as Acetylcholinesterase - AchE activity.1.