Ultrasound-guided arthrocentesis and intra-articular injections of the elbow and stifle joint in the dog

For arthrocentesis, ultrasound guidance can maximize joint fluid volume acquisition for diagnostic purposes (cytology, culture, and fluid analysis) while also avoiding blood contamination. For joint injections, ultrasound will help ensure IA delivery of the injectate to maximize its effects, particularly when synovial fluid aspirate feedback is inhibited by joint pathology (dry joint or obstructive synovial proliferation). Imaging guidance will help avoid iatrogenic tissue damage and reduce procedure time.