High-level ePVS was accompanied by an increase in kidney transplant failure risk: analysis based on the MIMIC-IV database

In this study, we found that higher ePVS values were accompanied by an increase in KTF risk, and this association proved robust and independent of age, gender, and comorbidities. Additionally, in our subgroup analysis, including interactive validation, we found that regardless of admission or discharge, the risk of KTF was greater when ePVS increased in non-heart failure. Therefore, ePVS may be an important reference parameter for kidney transplant patients and help improve risk stratification.