Development of high-performance NH3 gas sensor through novel MoSe2/PANI/Ti3C2Tx composite for medical diagnosis and industrial applications

Ammonia (NH3) monitoring in environmental and biomedical contexts poses significant challenges due to its impact on sensor sensitivity and selectivity. In the present study, a novel ternary MoSe2/PANI/Ti3C2Tx composite was synthesized using hydrothermal and oxidative polymerization techniques for high-performance NH3 sensing. The newly developed sensor exhibits an exceptional response of 6481.1 upon exposure to 1000 ppm of NH3 gas at room temperature (28 °C). Notably, the sensor shows an ultrafast response and recovery time of 4.7 s and 18.4 s, respectively, with a limit of detection of 0.6 ppm, along with outstanding selectivity and long-term stability over 90 days. Furthermore, the effect of humidity up to 90% RH and cross-sensitivity over various similar amines was also studied. A wireless IoT-enabled NH3 leak detection prototype was developed, confirming the sensor’s practical utility. Furthermore, clinical evaluations on uremic patients highlight its promise for non-invasive chronic kidney disease (CKD) monitoring.