Endovascular management of spinal arteriovenous malformations: Report of four cases and literature review

Endovascular therapy, a proven and often preferred option for managing AVMs, especially in cases where surgical access is limited or high-risk, has demonstrated significant effectiveness. While complete obliteration is not always achievable, reducing flow and nidus volume can significantly improve symptoms and decrease the risk of hemorrhage. Multidisciplinary planning and individualized treatment are essential for optimal outcomes.