Evaluation of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy following Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography

Background: During computed tomography (CT), contrast is commonly used to identify structural and functional defects of various organs. Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a known complication of intravenous iodinated contrast, which appears as a common cause of hospital-acquired renal failure. Objective: To evaluate the contrast-induced nephropathy following contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Method: This prospective observational study was carried out at the Department of Nephrology, Bangladesh Medical University (BMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh, from November 2022 to September 2023, involving one hundred (100) patients who underwent contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT). A detailed case history was recorded, and a thorough clinical examination was carried out along with relevant investigations at baseline, after 48 - 72 hours, and on the 7th day following CECT was done. Results: The mean age of the study participants was (49.9 ± 14.4) years, ranging from 18 to 70 years, with a slightly higher number of male participants (n = 60). The most performed contrast studies were CECT abdomen (58%), followed by chest (32%) and others (10%). Out of 100 study participants, 10 (10%) developed CIN. Our study found that advanced age and type of contrast had a significant association with the development of CIN (p Conclusion: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is not uncommon. Advanced age and the type of contrast have a significant association with CIN. Baseline renal status has a strong association with increased risk of CIN. Proper prophylactic measures could avoid or minimize progressive renal injury.