Public Perceptions, Awareness, and Social Acceptance of Hydrogen Technologies in Albania

Social acceptability is a critical factor in the successful implementation of emerging energy technologies, particularly hydrogen, which faces both technical and perceptual challenges. This study offers the first systematic investigation of public perceptions of hydrogen technologies in Albania, addressing a key knowledge gap in the Western Balkan countries. Using a structured survey of 440 respondents, it examines awareness, perceived benefits and risks, institutional trust, and willingness to adopt hydrogen solutions. While 84.5% had heard of hydrogen, only 23.6% were familiar with its technologies and just 9.3% felt well-informed—this highlights a major knowledge gap. Public attitudes were largely positive: 73.4% acknowledged hydrogen’s role in reducing emissions and 70.7% its potential to lower energy dependence. However, 34.5% viewed hydrogen as too dangerous near residential areas, and 50% were undecided. The most cited barriers were lack of information (50.5%) and infrastructure (19.5%). Trust in institutions was moderate, and gender differences were significant, with men showing higher awareness and support. Encouragingly, 78% of respondents wanted to learn more, and 63% showed interest in future use. Educational institutions were the most trusted information source. The findings highlight the need for public awareness campaigns, transparent risk communication, and community-oriented policies to foster a socially inclusive hydrogen transition in Albania.