Modeling and heat transfer analysis of magnetized hybrid micropolar blood-based nanofluid flow in Darcy–Forchheimer porous stenosis narrow arteries

Abstract This article provides a concise comparative examination of how heat generation affects the flow of a magnetized micropolar blood-based hybrid nanofluid (HNF) via a stenotic artery. The effects of Joule heating and viscous dissipation are considered. The purpose of this model is to evaluate and contrast the efficiency of HNF models. Our objective is to comprehend the complex process of hybridization by studying the behavior of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) and gold (Au) nanoparticles scattered in blood. The mathematical model has been converted into a dimensionless form by applying similarity transformations. This modified model is then efficiently solved using numerical methods, specifically bvp4c, which is a built-in command in MATLAB for solving boundary value problems, and facilitates the efficient handling of nonlinear ordinary differential equations with high accuracy and stability. The cylindrical surface is employed for the computation of flow measures, and the results are visually depicted using tables and graphs. This study makes a substantial contribution by uncovering previously unidentified flow characteristics. The use of Au nanoparticles demonstrates efficacy in improving the blood flow and offers a promising approach for addressing arterial disorders, as opposed to aluminum oxide nanoparticles. Moreover, an inquiry is carried out to examine the skin friction and heat transfer related to the dynamics of blood flow. The results demonstrate that the inclusion of Au and TiO 2 nanoparticles enhances heat transfer compared to single-component nanofluids (NFs) while effectively moderating the velocity and temperature profiles under varying conditions. Also, the HNF shows a reduction in temperature rise compared to NFs with only Au nanoparticles, under specific parameter settings.