Recycled Plastic-Circular Economy Opportunities, Challenges & Solutions in the Middle East

As of 2022, the world produced 460 million metric tons of virgin plastics and generated 367 million metric tons of plastic waste, of which only 9% was recycled. This paper investigates the role of recycled plastic waste (RPW) within the circular economy, focusing on implementation pathways in the Middle East and Saudi Arabia. It compares mechanical and chemical recycling methods, highlighting regional case studies and field-level innovations from SABIC, Saudi Aramco, and the Saudi Investment Recycling Company (SIRC). The paper presents technical insights into pyrolysis and catalytic depolymerization projects, including reactor conditions, yield optimization strategies, and sectoral application potential. The paper also examines RPW integration across construction, packaging, automotive, and textiles, supported by real-world case studies such as plastic-modified asphalt, closed-loop food packaging, and school-level waste recovery pilots. Beyond technology, the paper addresses consumer engagement, policy tools, and the importance of digital participation platforms in boosting RPW rates. Future research gaps are identified in lifecycle modeling, techno-economic analysis, behavioral science, and regional data sharing. The findings support Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 goals by aligning material innovation, public behavior, and infrastructure investment toward a more resilient and circular plastic economy.