Reintrodução de espécies ameaçadas de extinção: desafios e perspectivas

Faunal loss and illegal wildlife trade are major drivers of the biodiversity crisis, threatening countless species both nationally and globally. In this context, the reintroduction of endangered wildlife species has emerged as a vital conservation strategy, aiming to restore viable populations in their natural habitats. This study aims to contextualize the reintroduction of endangered species and contribute to the improvement of conservation strategies. A literature review was conducted using databases such as Google Scholar and PubMed, covering publications from 2013 to 2025. The keywords used were "species reintroduction," "endangered species," "reintroduction challenges," and "reintroduction approaches," including studies focused on the Brazilian context. The findings reveal that reintroducing species is a complex process, facing challenges such as habitat loss and fragmentation, wildlife trafficking, the ecological complexity of target species, and the need for adaptation among individuals raised in captivity. Social factors are also critical, requiring the active participation of local communities to ensure the success of such initiatives. Nevertheless, promising prospects arise from successful cases—such as the golden lion tamarin—and technological advancements in monitoring. Brazilian legislation provides a solid legal framework for fauna protection. In conclusion, improving species reintroduction strategies demands a holistic and integrated approach that considers biological, social, economic and ethical dimensions. Investment in research, adaptive management, and multisector collaboration are essential to reversing biodiversity loss and promoting the long-term sustainability of Brazil’s ecosystems.