THE PLACE OF P.YA. CHAADAEV IN RUSSIAN PHILOSOPHY

The article examines the formation of the Russian historiosque question on the basis of the texts of the "First Philosophical Letter" and the "Apology of the Madman" by P.Ya. Chaadaev. The emergence of a national philosophy is marked by the emergence of an original problem. The reception of the principle of historicism of German idealism by Russian intellectuals gave rise to a peculiar historiosophical problem: questioning the place of Russia and the meaning of its historical existence. This problem gradually took shape in the polemic of Westernizers and Slavophiles. Within the framework of this controversy, a local civilizational approach to historical development emerged for the first time in the history of thought as a justification for a special path of Russia's development. Russian Russian Historicism Analyzing Chaadaev's legacy, the authors show that the development of his thought from Russian ahistorism and Atopism to Russian historical Messianism is already delineating the horizon of the polemic of Westernizers and Slavophiles. Among other things, his texts at the level of questioning already implicitly contain the concept of multi-vector development, which prepares the development of a local civilizational approach to history.