A numerical study of time-dependent Casson nanofluid flow with convection and Joule heating over a stretching surface

This study focuses on the behavior of Casson nanofluid under mixed convection, Joule heating, and mass transfer effects over a stretching surface. The governing equations for the conservation of momentum, mass, energy, and species transfer are simplified using a stream function. These equations are then transformed from non-linear partial differential equations (PDEs) into non-linear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) through similarity transformations. The resulting ordinary differential equations are solved numerically using the bvp4c method. Subsequently, the influence of various physical parameters on the velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles is analyzed. It is observed that the Casson fluid parameter enhances the velocity profile while slowing down the temperature and concentration profiles. Conversely, the Grashof number exhibits behavior opposite to that of the Casson fluid parameter. Furthermore, the variations of different parameters on the velocity, temperature, concentration, skin friction coefficient, temperature gradient, and Sherwood number are presented in both graphical and tabular forms. The numerical results are compared with existing literature Cortell (2007).