Eco-Efficiency Environmental Indicators for Service Systems

Eco-efficiency provides a benchmark for assessing sustainability and suitable measures to improve it. To date, no indicators for measuring the eco-efficiency of service or product-service systems were established. The aim of this paper is to identify and select suitable environmental indicators for assessing the eco-efficiency of such systems using a developed framework. Finally, the appropriate identification of suitable indicators for service and product-service systems enables the optimisation of sustainability and thus, creates a basis for the application and review of eco-efficiency assessment in science and practice. In this way, eco-efficiency assessments can be carried out in relation to the specific characteristics of service and product-service systems.