Cryogenics of a superconducting LINAC: SPIRAL2 from commissioning to operation

The SPIRAL2 superconducting linear accelerator (LINAC), which has been operational since 2019, employs superconducting, independently phased rf resonators to deliver a wide range of particle beams. Designed for flexibility in particle types, intensities, and energies, it utilizes superconducting quarter-wave resonators, the performance of which is critically dependent on the reliability of the cryogenic operation. This paper reviews the evolution of the SPIRAL2 cryogenic system from commissioning to routine operation, which was initially commissioned in 2017. It highlights the key challenges encountered, including thermoacoustic oscillations, thermal management, and the abnormal behavior of cavities. In addition, it explores the integration of thermodynamic modelling and machine learning techniques to enhance system control and diagnose problems. This work serves as a comprehensive resource for advancing cryogenic operations and the performance of superconducting LINACs.

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Publication Details

Journal
Physical Review Accelerators and Beams
Published
2025-08-29
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1103/82xr-d9gc
Primary Topic
Superconducting Materials and Applications
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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article

Cryogenics of a superconducting LINAC: SPIRAL2 from commissioning to operation

Marco Di Giacomo, Quentin Tura, François Bonne, A. Ghribi et al.
Physical Review Accelerators and Beams
Superconducting Materials and Applications
article

Cryogenics of a superconducting LINAC: SPIRAL2 from commissioning to operation

Marco Di Giacomo, Quentin Tura, François Bonne, A. Ghribi, Adrien Vassal, Patrick Bonnay, David Longuevergne, Arnaud Trudel, Pierre-Emmanuel Bernaudin, Frédéric Bouly, F. Millet, Muhammad Aburas, Jean-Pierre Thermeau, Charly Lassalle
article en

Abstract

The SPIRAL2 superconducting linear accelerator (LINAC), which has been operational since 2019, employs superconducting, independently phased rf resonators to deliver a wide range of particle beams. Designed for flexibility in particle types, intensities, and energies, it utilizes superconducting quarter-wave resonators, the performance of which is critically dependent on the reliability of the cryogenic operation. This paper reviews the evolution of the SPIRAL2 cryogenic system from commissioning to routine operation, which was initially commissioned in 2017. It highlights the key challenges encountered, including thermoacoustic oscillations, thermal management, and the abnormal behavior of cavities. In addition, it explores the integration of thermodynamic modelling and machine learning techniques to enhance system control and diagnose problems. This work serves as a comprehensive resource for advancing cryogenic operations and the performance of superconducting LINACs.

Physical Review Accelerators and BeamsVol. 28(8)
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR), Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (FR), Normandie Université (FR), Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds (FR), Université de Caen Normandie (FR)
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Région Normandie
Openalex Percentile: Top 79%
Superconducting Materials and Applications
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
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