Monitoring of Harmful Noctuid Pests with Synthetic Sex Pheromones and Semisynthetic Bisexual Lures (SBL): Benefits and Limitations of Separate, Parallel and Combined Use of the Methods

Sex pheromones and semi-synthetic bisexual lure (SBL) were used both in parallel and in combination within single traps to monitor four widely distributed noctuid pest species. For Agrotis ipsilon, the SBL proved to be more effective than the species-specific sex pheromone, and it can be used alone instead of them, as well as for monitoring the pest. In the case of A. segetum and Lacanobia oleracea, the lures did not inhibit each other, and their parallel and combined use provided a more accurate representation of swarming dynamics and abundance peaks, as well as enabled the monitoring of female flight activity. Observations revealed shifts in the life cycle of L. oleracea and further supported the migratory nature of A. segetum. The parallel and combined application of the newly developed SBL and conventional sex pheromone lures may significantly enhance the precision of pest monitoring and forecasting, thereby supporting more precise planning and timing and more effective implementation of plant protection treatments in IPM strategies.