Mapping Flood-Prone Areas Using GIS and Morphometric Analysis in the Mantaro Watershed, Peru: Approach to Susceptibility Assessment and Management

Floods represent one of the most significant climate-related hazards, particularly in regions with complex topographies and variable precipitation patterns. This study assesses flood-prone areas within the Mantaro watershed, Peru, using Geographic Information Systems (GISs) and morphometric analysis. The methodology integrates digital elevation models (DEMs) with hydrological parameters, applying weighted sum analysis to classify 18 sub-watersheds into different flood priority levels. Morphometric parameters, including basin relief, drainage density, and slope, were analyzed to establish correlations between watershed morphology and flood susceptibility. The results indicate that approximately 74.38% of the watershed exhibits high to very high flood risk, with the most vulnerable sub-watersheds characterized by steep slopes, high drainage densities, and compact morphometric configurations. The correlation matrix confirms that watershed topography significantly influences surface runoff behavior, underscoring the necessity of incorporating geospatial analysis into flood risk assessment frameworks. The classification of sub-watersheds into priority levels provides a scientific basis for optimizing resource allocation in flood mitigation strategies. This study highlights the importance of integrating advanced geospatial technologies, such as GISs and remote sensing, into hydrological risk assessments. The findings emphasize the need for proactive watershed management, including the use of real-time monitoring and digital tools for climate adaptation. Future research should explore the influence of land-use changes and climate variability on flood dynamics to enhance predictive modeling. These insights contribute to evidence-based decision-making for disaster risk reduction, reinforcing resilience in climate-sensitive regions.