In vitro Efficacy of Sumac (Rhus Coriaria) Extracts Against Leishmania tropicana and Leishmania mexicana: A Preliminary Study from Turkiye

<strong>Objective: </strong>Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a common clinical manifestation of leishmaniasis. Here, the <em>in vitro</em> anti-leishmanial efficacy of sumac extracts was tested for the first time on both <em>Leishmania (L.) tropica and L. mexicana</em> isolates using <em>Rhus (R.) coriaria</em> plant, which was collected in western Anatolia. <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> The dried and powdered fruits of <em>R. coriaria </em>were macerated in acetone, ethyl alcohol, and ethyl alcohol-water mixture at room temperature for two days. The pooled extracts were evaporated under reduced pressure and lyophilized form for the study. Isolates of <em>L. tropica</em> and L. mexicana in Acibadem University R&amp;D Laboratory were initially thawed and cultivated in NNN medium. Assessments were made using the haemocytometer and MTT methods at 24 and 48 h, compared with meglumine antimoniate as the control group. <strong>Results:</strong> For <em>L. tropica</em>, the effective concentration ranges of the extracts and the infusion were found to be 578.13-289.06 µg/mL and 289.06-144.53 µg/mL, respectively. For L. mexicana, the ranges were found to be 289.06-144.53 µg/mL and 144.53-72.27 µg/mL, respectively. It was shown that all extracts of <em>R. coriaria</em> were effective against both <em>L. tropica</em> and L. mexicana in higher doses, compared to meglumine antimoniate. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>An interesting finding was that higher sumac doses were required to eliminate <em>L. tropica</em> of the Old World, compared to L. mexicana of the New World. In addition, the aqueous alcohol extract showed efficacy that lasted for 48 h in half doses compared to others in <em>L. tropica</em>. Further assessments for both the identification of the active compounds within <em>R. coriaria</em> and their efficacy in vivo are planned.