Optimization of Industrial Parks Considering the Joint Operation of CHP-CCS-P2G Under a Reward and Punishment Carbon Trading Mechanism

Aiming at the demands for low-carbon transformation in multi-energy-coupled industrial parks, a model is proposed that incorporates a carbon trading system incorporating incentives and penalties. This model includes joint combined heat and power (CHP) units, carbon capture technologies, and power-to-gas (P2G) conversion equipment. Firstly, we develop a modeling framework for the joint operation of cogeneration units to establish a comprehensive energy system within the industrial park that integrates electricity, heat, gas, and cold energy sources. Subsequently, we introduce a reward and punishment carbon trading mechanism into an industrial park to regulate carbon emissions effectively. With an optimization objective focused on minimizing the overall operating costs of the system while considering relevant constraints, we formulate an optimization model. The Gurobi solver is employed through the Yalmip toolkit to address this optimization problem. Finally, four operational scenarios are established to compare and validate the feasibility of our proposed optimization strategy. The results from our computational example demonstrate that integrating combined heat and power along with carbon capture and P2G technologies—coupled with a tiered reward and punishment carbon trading mechanism—can significantly enhance the energy consumption structure of the system. Under this model, the overall expenses are decreased by 12.36%, CO2 emissions decrease by 33.37%, and renewable energy utilization increases by 36.7%. This approach has effectively improved both wind power consumption capacity and low-carbon economic benefits within the system while ensuring sustainable economic development in alignment with “dual carbon” goals.