Психофизиологические механизмы восприятия и внутреннего повторения мелодий в норме и при шизофрении

Introduction. The study investigates the psychophysiological mechanisms of melody perception and internal repetition in healthy individuals and patients with schizophrenia. The study primarily focuses on differences in neural processing of monophonic and polyphonic musical stimuli, providing deeper insight into the cognitive and neural features associated with schizophrenia. Methods. The study involved 53 female participants divided into two groups: 25 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (F20 according to ICD-10) and 28 healthy volunteers. Brain activity was recorded using 19-channel EEG, followed by data processing with the "Virtual Implanted Electrode" method, which allowed for the analysis of activity and functional connectivity in 53 brain structures. Participants performed a task involving the extraction and internal repetition of a monophonic line from polyphonic musical stimuli. Results. The experiment revealed that in healthy individuals, activation occurs in visual areas, the supramarginal gyrus, and the right basal ganglia, ensuring accurate internal reproduction of the musical motif. In schizophrenia, weakened connectivity was observed in the left supramarginal gyrus, along with heightened activity in areas associated with polyphony perception, indicating difficulties in maintaining and reproducing relevant musical components. Discussion. The findings demonstrate differences in the neural mechanisms of musical stimulus processing in schizophrenia. Weakened connectivity in control areas and heightened activity in perception regions may explain difficulties in accurate melody reproduction. The results highlight the role of subcortical structures in compensatory processes and open new avenues for research into cognitive impairments in schizophrenia.