Simulation Study of Black Start Using a Grid-Forming Battery Energy Storage System

With the widely use of energy storage technology, its potential as black start electricity resources have attracted more concerns. Compared to traditional power restorations, energy storages, under the flexible restoration control, can first assist the energization of local loads then accelerating the restoration of the whole system with a bottom-up mechanism. Aim of this paper is to propose an implementation strategy for a de-energized <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{k V}$</tex>-level electric grid using grid-forming control to achieve black start restoration. For inverter grid-forming control, virtual synchronous generator control method is used; moreover, the design of black start strategy includes the elements of inrush current mitigation, pre-synchronization, virtual impedance for power sharing, and overcurrent limit. Finally, to test the performance of proposed control method, MATLAB/Simulink is used for modeling and simulation analysis.