Exploring Image Forgery: Types, Detection Approaches, and Challenges

In recent years, digital forensics has emerged as a significant discipline for identifying, observing, and verifying digital images. Moreover, with the rise of new technologies and convenient, open-source editing tools such as Pic Editor and Photoshop, it is a breeze for an attacker to disturb the original content of digital images. The proof of manipulation on digital images is tough to identify with naked eye. Because of that, digital images are losing their authenticity. Therefore, detecting image forgeries is a difficult field of study. It is evident that there has been significant advancement in the field of forgery identification in the past decade. Still, there is a need to give this field a lot of attention. Digital image forgery identification is used to explore the different varieties of forgeries. There are many methods to tamper with digital images. In this paper, the primary goal is to provide a comprehensive review of various types of image forgeries and different strategies that have been created for the purpose of detecting image forgery. Moreover, this study provides a generalized framework, performance metrics, and open challenges in the domain of image forensics.