Efficient and stable perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells with textured bottom cells and high-throughput manufacturing

Perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells are increasingly anticipated to be the next step forward in solar module efficiency, beyond the efficiencies that can be reached with any single-junction silicon technology such as heterojunction, back-contact, or TOPCon. The economics of solar module markets require that in addition to reaching high efficiency and decades-long lifetimes, perovskite-silicon tandem technology needs to be manufacturable at high throughput and high yield in order to be viable. Further, to easily couple with both mature and emerging silicon bottom cell supply chains, tandems would benefit from being compatible with fully textured substrates. At Swift Solar, we have developed manufacturing methods for the entire perovskite cell that reach high throughput and are fully compatible with textured substrates. With this stack, we demonstrate a comprehensive range of stability results that de-risk key degradation pathways. By measuring acceleration factors of crucial degradation modes and conducting accelerated stress testing and combining this with real-world measured data, we demonstrate predicted lifetimes of over 25 years. Through comprehensively combining the important requirements of long-term stability, compatibility with textured substrates, and high-throughput manufacturability, we demonstrate significant progress toward commercialization of next-generation perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells.