A Comparative Study of Optimal PV Orientation for Diverse Building Sectors: Implications for Design and Policy Development

This study presents a comparative analysis of photovoltaic (PV) system orientations across various building sectors and sub-sectors, categorized by use and size, in 26 locations representing all ASHRAE climate zones. The research examines the influence of building type, operational schedule, orientation, and local climatic conditions on PV power generation and building energy consumption. Using ClimateStudio software and the PVWatts platform, the study aims to identify optimal PV orientations that maximize energy production while minimizing reliance on grid electricity. The findings indicate that southwest (SW) and west (W) orientations are particularly effective in reducing grid electricity consumption for commercial and institutional building sectors in latitudes above 30°. These results underscore the importance of considering sector-specific and location-specific factors when designing PV systems. This research offers valuable insights for architects, engineers, and policymakers. By identifying optimal PV orientations tailored to specific building types and climatic conditions, it supports the integration of solar energy generation into the building design process, promoting energy efficiency and sustainability.