Gas-Efficient Patterns for Smart Contracts in Solidity: Optimization Techniques and Comparative Analysis

Smart contract which are self executing contract can be executed when certain conditions met on blockchain technology and in recent years the number of ethereum smart contract developed in solidity programming language is increasing rapidly execution of cost of smart contract is measured in gas which is getting paid by user in order to make transactions and execute the smart contract in Ethereum virtual machine. smart contract which contain complex transaction demand more gas which will increase the gas cost compared to simple transactions. nowadays optimizing smart contract play critical role in the world lowering gas cost of smart contract is important for user as well as developer. Developers which are new or less experienced in field of blockchain technology can faces significant challenges in optimization of smart contract. This paper introduce gas efficient code patterns and techniques in solidity with example and detail explanation on gas saving for each pattern and it provide the classification of these optimization techniques. Index Terms-Ethereum; smart contracts; gas optimization.