Investigation of different metal contacts for perovskite solar cells

Various metal layers grown by e-beam evaporator have been studied to be used as metal contacts for large-scale perovskite solar cell devices. The evaporated films consist of gold (Au), silver (Ag), nickel (Ni), titanium (Ti), tin (Sn), copper (Cu), and molybdenum (Mo) were grown on glass substrates at room temperature with an optimized thickness. Later, the measured optical properties such as transmission and absorptance of such films were used computationally to extract the optimum device performance using SCAPS-1D software. Among all the layers, Ti based perovskite solar cells outperform other metal contacts with a power conversion efficiency of (>27%). The films were characterized optically, topologically, structurally, and morphologically using ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) three-dimensional (3D) profilometry, and scanning electron microscopy. The computational analysis confirms that screening of suitable metal back contact is necessary to increase device performance and stability significantly.