Vein Graphite-Based Electrode for Perovskite Solar Cells

This paper is focused on the fabrication and characterization of vein graphite (VG) electrodes, which are used for renewable energy technology, especially in perovskite solar cells as a counter electrode (CE) to extract holes generated during the photovoltaic effect. The study explores optimized material composition, and binder integration to enhance the electrodes' mechanical and electrical properties. Key parameters, including conductivity, and sheet resistance were measured using a four-point probe, and for thickness scanning electron microscope (SEM) was utilized. The optimal composition, 8g of VG and 4g of polyethylene glycol demonstrates a cost-effective electrode fabrication using the doctor-blading method representing the best electrical conductivity of 434.43 S/m.