Power Loss Estimation for PV Modules with Cracked Cells

PV cell cracks can cause various levels of power loss depending on the type and severity of crack, cell characteristics, and external stressors. We present a statistical framework for predicting power loss based on these factors, based on experimental and finite element analyses. Using x-ray topography, we measure translation of external thermomechanical stress into internal deformation and strain on cracked cells. Experiments are replicated in finite element models to validate prediction of cell mechanical and electrical behaviors. Together these approaches inform the probabilistic estimation of PV cell power loss associated with cell crack geometry and external stressors, enabling fast, prognostic evaluation of PV modules with existing cell cracks using only electroluminescence imaging and environmental operating conditions.