Debates Using ChatGPT: Formats and Impact on Students' Cognitive and Affective Perceptions in the Pedagogical Course

This study aims to explore the impact of ChatGPT on students' perceptions during debates in a pedagogical course. The authors developed four innovative formats of in-class debate involving ChatGPT, where artificial intelligence acts as a consultant, an opponent, an expert or combined roles. Data was collected from a survey of 84 students of four academic groups and statistically analyzed using CAP Perceived Learning Scale. Results of the study was explorer with analyze ANOVA. Findings reveal that using ChatGPT-3.5 as an opponent and an expert has the most profound impact on student’s cognitive and affective perceptions, opening new opportunities for fostering critical thinking and active learning. The study provides evidence-based recommendations for effectively integrating artificial intelligence into teaching and learning.