Structural and physical properties of the dust particles in Qatar and their influence on the PV panel performance

Dust accumulation poses significant challenges to the performance of photovoltaic (PV) panels, particularly in desert environments such as Qatar. This study investigates the structural and physical properties of dust particles collected from PV modules installed at the Solar Test Facility in Doha. Advanced characterization techniques, including SEM, XRD, EDS, AFM, Raman spectroscopy, and FTIR, were employed to analyze the samples. The findings reveal that the dust primarily consists of calcite (58%), along with smaller amounts of quartz, olivine, and other minerals. Optical analysis demonstrated a 26% reduction in transmittance due to dust accumulation. Additionally, IV curve measurements showed a 38% increase in short-circuit current (Isc) and a 28% increase in total power output after cleaning. This work highlights the importance of understanding dust properties for developing effective mitigation techniques and optimizing PV performance in desert climates.