Soft Skills and Ethics: A Different Perspective on Engineering Competencies and the Future of AI Development

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as an essential area in electrical and information engineering, simulating human cognitive functions such as reasoning, learning and communication. Despite its advancement, the complete replication of human capabilities still faces significant challenges. This study aims to highlight the importance of soft skills and ethics as indispensable competencies for engineers in the responsible development of AI, focusing on the future impacts of this technology. The methodology adopted was a literature review, covering scientific publications and technical reports on AI classifications and their effects on engineering practices. AI is classified into three main categories: Narrow Artificial Intelligence (ANI), which performs specific tasks such as facial recognition; Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), projected to have broad reasoning and problem-solving abilities by around 2040–2050; and Super Artificial Intelligence (ASI), expected to surpass human intelligence by 2080, raising critical ethical and social issues. The results indicate that, in addition to advanced technical skills, engineers must develop interpersonal skills, such as communication, critical thinking, and empathy, and adopt a rigorous ethical stance. These are essential for the design of AI systems that respect human values and promote inclusion. It is concluded that the advancement of AI in electrical and information engineering requires a balance between technological innovation and ethical responsibility. Incorporating soft skills and ethical principles into the curriculum and professional practice of engineers is essential to ensure that the development of AI is aligned with the goals of sustainability and social equity.