Optimized Static Reconfiguration for Maximizing Energy Harvest in Partially Shaded Photovoltaic Arrays

Partial shading significantly impacts the performance of photovoltaic (PV) arrays, leading to reduced power output and introducing challenges in maximum power point tracking (MPPT) due to the occurrence of multiple peaks in the power-voltage (P-V) curve. Addressing these challenges requires innovative reconfiguration strategies that balance performance and practicality. This paper proposes a novel Simulated Annealing (SA)-based metaheuristic approach for static reconfiguration of PV arrays, designed to optimize power generation under diverse and complex shading conditions. Unlike traditional dynamic methods that require continuous monitoring and additional hardware, the SA-based strategy offers a cost-effective, one-time configuration solution that is scalable to a wide range of PV array sizes and adaptable to symmetrical and asymmetrical configurations. The method was rigorously evaluated on a 9x9 TCT-connected PV array across various realistic shading scenarios. Comparative analysis with established static reconfiguration techniques demonstrated the superiority of the proposed approach, achieving up to a 20.3% increase in power output. Additionally, the SA-based reconfiguration produced smoother, single-peaked P-V curves, simplifying MPPT and enhancing overall system efficiency.