Simulation and Analysis of a Hybrid Microgrid Incorporating Fuel Cell, Photovoltaic Array, and Battery Energy Storage System

This paper presents the modeling, simulation, and control of a hybrid microgrid composed of a fuel cell, a photovoltaic (PV) array, and a battery energy storage system (BESS). The study explores the operational dynamics of these energy sources interconnected through a grid forming inverter (GFM) and an advanced control system. The microgrid configuration leverages a GFM inverter for the fuel cell, PV and BESS, optimizing efficiency and reliability. The battery storage system operates as a backup, providing power during periods of insufficient generation from the primary sources. Key components, including DC-DC Single-Ended Primary Inductor Converter (SEPIC) converters, grid forming inverter, three-phase load integration, and power controllers, are discussed in detail. The simulation evaluates the power sharing and transition dynamics among the energy sources under varying load and generation conditions. Results demonstrate efficient power delivery and seamless transitions between energy sources, highlighting the feasibility of integrating multiple renewable and storage systems for reliable microgrid operation. This work contributes to advancing hybrid microgrid technology and its potential application in renewable energy systems.