Ultrafast (1 sec) Lamination of Perovskite PVs with In Situ Metrology

Perovskite solar cells are traditionally made using sequential layer-by-layer deposition, which constrains the processing techniques and selection of transport layer materials that can be used in the solar cell. To overcome these challenges, two half-cells can be processed separately and laminated together. Lamination exhibits numerous manufacturing advantages, including self-encapsulation, and compatibility with a wider range of processing conditions. However, current lamination processes for perovskite solar cells suffer from high cycle times of 5- 30 min. In this work, we demonstrate lamination of halide perovskite (HP) interfaces and devices in 1 second, demonstrating more than a 99% reduction in processing time compared to previous reports. In situ photoluminescence imaging of HP films during lamination elucidates the unique evolution of defects in the film, motivating the use of in-line metrology in future manufacturing environments. Furthermore, we demonstrate the first example of lamination of HP layers using a customized rolling system, allowing for continuous sheet-to-sheet processing. Overall, the results of this study show that lamination is a promising alternative manufacturing pathway for PSCs.