Polarized Wireless Channel Modeling for Automotive Applications

Accurate and efficient modeling of polarized wireless channels is critical for the design and evaluation of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication systems. This paper presents the Automotive Wave-based Channel Model (AWCM), a geometry-driven stochastic model that emulates polarized multipath propagation using physically grounded parameters extracted from ray-tracing (RT) data. AWCM models each multipath component as a spatially consistent electromagnetic plane wave, enabling realistic simulation of Doppler, delay, and polarization effects along a moving trajectory. Compared to full RT simulations, AWCM achieves up to five orders of magnitude reduction in computational complexity while preserving key statistical features such as delay spread, angular spread, and Doppler behavior. The model captures environment-specific spatial characteristics, including azimuth and elevation angle distributions, and accounts for polarization-dependent interaction loss—revealing, for example, that vertically polarized components are more robust in rural and suburban settings. AWCM also reproduces Doppler behavior consistent with Jakes' model in open environments, while accurately capturing deviations in dense urban scenarios. The proposed model offers a scalable and physically interpretable framework for generating realistic V2X channel responses, supporting efficient evaluation of wireless system performance across diverse deployment scenarios.