Implementation of a Lab-Scale Hybrid Landfill Bioreactor to Enhance Municipal Solid Waste Biogas Production

Landfilling is one of the primary techniques utilized globally to manage municipal solid waste (MSW), particularly in developing nations. Unlike existing conventional methods, hybrid bioreactor landfilling technology is a promising sustainable approach for maximizing biogas production from MSW. This study aimed to evaluate the application of hybrid bioreactor technology to enhance biogas production from the organic fraction of MSW. Over a 7-month period, two columns were utilized to simulate typical (Br-1) and hybrid (Br-2) landfill bioreactors while monitoring the quality of leachate and biogas generated. Results showed contaminant reduction in leachate with the pH increasing to 8 in Br-2, while Br-1 remained acidic below 7. Physicochemical parameter reductions ranged from 33 to 98%, while total organic carbon and carbon oxygen demand (TOC/COD) ratio varied between 0.04 and 0.61. Analyzed heavy metals reductions ranged from 3 to 88%. Biogas generated was 8.75 L with methane (CH₄) below 50% in Br-1, while Br-2 produced 21.5 L with CH₄ exceeding 60%. The final CH₄ concentration reached 67% in Br-2 and 52% in Br-1. Partial aeration and diluted leachate recirculation enhanced biodegradation in Br-2 while the leachate was treated in situ. The high CH₄ content and 41-fold greater biogas yield in Br-2 showed the economic and ecological viability of this method for biogas-to-energy projects.