Reconstruction of the Etemenanki temple tower in Babylon using digital twin and additive manufacturing

This study explores the application of Additive Manufacturing (AM) for the reconstruction the Etemenanki temple tower in Babylon. The research focuses on creating a 3D model from archaeological findings using Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software. The modeling process resulted in two distinct levels of detail: an abstract model emphasizing geometry and a detailed model incorporating textures and colors derived from historical records through rendering. A Polyjet 3D printer was employed to fabricate physical models. The 3D model represents a digital twin of the 3D printed physical model. The design process involved addressing challenges related to the model’s size, the complexity of replicating brickwork and textures, and the limitations inherent in 3D printing. The model was strategically divided into individual parts, facilitating easier 3D printing and assembly. The results highlight the potential of AM in visualizing archaeological sites and its flexibility in representing diverse interpretations of historical structures. This approach allows for both abstract and detailed visualizations within a single model. Furthermore, the study provides a discussion of production costs and time-frames, offering practical insights into the feasibility of 3D printing for architectural reconstructions. The methodology and solutions developed can be applied to other archaeological projects, enabling the creation of detailed and customizable models for research and presentation purposes.