“The Red Scare”, Colonialism and Martyrdom: Discourse of Victimization in Iranian Media in Relation to the Events of the 1953 Coup in Iran

This article examines the discourse of victimization and collective trauma in Iranian media during the early 1950s, particularly in relation to the Coup of August 19, 1953. This event is crucial in modern Iranian history, profoundly impacting the relationship between the government and society, as well as shaping contemporary Iran’s foreign policy. The coup, supported by MI6 and the CIA, led to the ousting of Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh, who played a key role in the nationalization of Iran’s oil industry, resulting in the transfer of power to Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. The period leading up to the coup marked both the peak of political liberalization in Iran and its abrupt end. This period marked the rise of a vibrant press that supported various political perspectives and engaged in discussions about political conflicts and external influence, whether real or imagined. These discussions were rooted in the collective trauma caused by centuries of colonial expansionism, which led various political factions to label their opponents as dependent on foreign powers. By analyzing media publications from that time, we argue that today’s narrative of victimization in Iran – often present in official rhetoric and vital to historical memory – traces back to these events. The media played a crucial role in shaping and reinforcing this victimization narrative, establishing a foundational aspect of Iran’s political discourse. A deeper understanding of the roots of this narrative is vital for comprehending Iran’s ongoing political dynamics and the enduring impact of the collective trauma of colonialism on its society.